机车自动驾驶系统模式切换策略研究

受铁路基础装备技术和国内复杂运用环境限制,机车自动驾驶系统仍需在有人值守的情况下工作,所以应有完善的自动驾驶系统模式切换策略来界定值守人员和自动驾驶的权限边界。以机车运行安全为原则,基于列车纵向动力学分析动态切换时列车的平稳性,阐述了机车自动驾驶系统的模式切换策略,该策略已经运用于机车自动驾驶实际应用中。大量实践案例证明,提出的机车自动驾驶模式切换策略能够有效保证机车控制权模式切换过程中列车的安全、平稳运行,取得了良好的运行效果。     

Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO_2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO_2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO_2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO_2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO_2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO_2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.     

合资铁路重组背景下省级铁路平台可持续发展对策

在铁路行业高度垄断,铁路运营普遍效益欠佳和地方政府财力有限的现实环境下,特别是国铁集团近年来大力推行“一省一公司”合资铁路重组整合的改革,对省级铁路平台的发展带来了新的巨大的问题挑战,本文结合当前在全国大力推行的合资铁路重组改革的背景,分析了省级铁路平台在改革中将面临的重大问题,包括既有投融资能力难以支撑大规模规划项目建设、已建铁路运营大规模亏损、铁路行业建设运营高度垄断严重以及铁路土地综合开发进展迟缓等一系列问题,并针对以上问题提出相关的对策建议。     

大连市常规公交规划思路探讨

城市常规公交系统建设是贯彻公交优先、促进高质量发展的关键。本文从分析大连市常规公交发展现状和面临问题入手,结合城市交通发展趋势,提出常规公交发展目标,在此基础上探讨了新时期常规公交规划要从公交网络、规划目标、服务模式、技术方法等四方面转变思路,强化两网融合和以人为本的思想,增强常规公交的吸引力,促进城市高质量发展。     

PHEV能量管理策略研究

针对一款串联型插电式混合动力公交车,文章基于MTLALB建立整车和各部件数值模型。在中国典型城市公交工况下,建立基于全局优化的DP策略,并与CD-CS策略和PMP策略进行能耗对比分析。结果表明:(1)基于CD-CS策略的后期SOC在一定范围内波动,DP策略与PMP策略的SOC轨迹近似呈线性变化。(2)CD-CS策略较DP策略的能耗成本高22.68%,PMP策略比DP策略的能耗成本高0.30%。DP策略与PMP策略可以合理分配能量源,实现全局最优,但DP策略相比PMP策略计算量大。     

试论市场经济条件下武术产业的发展

改革开放以来,市场经济为体育市场带来了无限生机,武术产业也在这一大环境中得以迅速发展。本文在研究市场经济条件下武术产业的特点及现状的基础上,提出了有利于武术产业稳定发展的对策。     

试论中国经济转型与社会稳定

我国处在社会经济转型与持续调整增长阶段，社会非稳定因素与日俱增，社会经济转型给整个社会带来进步与繁荣，也给社会带来冲突与动荡，但是，中国的社会经济顺利转型又必须在长期稳定的社会环境中才能进行，因此，保持政治稳定，社会安定是实现社会经济转型的前提。     

磁悬浮列车穿越隧道引起的压力波传播规律研究

在对Fluent软件进行二次开发的基础上，对磁悬浮列车穿越隧道引起的压力波进行了三维数值模拟，得出了隧道内的压力波时程曲线。并将隧道内的压力波动情况与列车的运行情况相结合，对压力波在隧道内的传播规律进行了详细的分析和解释，这对磁悬浮铁路隧道的设计提供了理论基础。     

中国北车集团公司投资项目管理信息系统开发

阐述中国北车集团公司投资项目管理信息系统的开发设计思想，对业务进行描述，阐述系统开发目标、系统设计结构、系统功能和系统采用的技术，并对系统使用所产生的效果进行定量分析。     

现代物流管理的可持续发展

物流业作为第三利润已经成为新兴重要产业，加快发展的同时必须注意经济效益和环境效益的统一，把发展绿色物流作为推进可持续发展的一个方面加以落实。因此，有必要对现代物流在可持续发展背景下做系统深入地研究。